序列化
序列化:一般等价于持久化,将对象转换为字节流存储在磁盘上、网络上、内存里。
通过实现 标记接口 java.io.Serializable
。
如果类中的一个变量不想被序列化,可以将其标记为短暂变量,使用
transient
。静态变量是属于类的,而不是属于对象的,所以不会被序列化。
一般将序列化输出的文件名命名为 <name>.ser
一个简单的例子:
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public class Employee implements java.io.Serializable { public String name; public String address; public transient int SSN; public int number; public void mailCheck() { System.out.println("Mailing a check to " + name + " " + address); } }
import java.io.*; public class SerializeDemo { public static void main(String [] args) { Employee e = new Employee(); e.name = "Reyan Ali"; e.address = "Phokka Kuan, Ambehta Peer"; e.SSN = 11122333; e.number = 101; try { FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("/tmp/employee.ser"); ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(fileOut); out.writeObject(e); out.close(); fileOut.close(); System.out.printf("Serialized data is saved in /tmp/employee.ser"); }catch(IOException i) { i.printStackTrace(); } } }
import java.io.*; public class DeserializeDemo { public static void main(String [] args) { Employee e = null; try { FileInputStream fileIn = new FileInputStream("/tmp/employee.ser"); ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(fileIn); e = (Employee) in.readObject(); in.close(); fileIn.close(); }catch(IOException i) { i.printStackTrace(); return; }catch(ClassNotFoundException c) { System.out.println("Employee class not found"); c.printStackTrace(); return; } System.out.println("Deserialized Employee..."); System.out.println("Name: " + e.name); System.out.println("Address: " + e.address); System.out.println("SSN: " + e.SSN); System.out.println("Number: " + e.number); } }
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注意到其中我们用到了 :
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| public final void writeObject(Object x) throws IOException public final Object readObject() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
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另外 ClassNotFoundException
异常:若JVM反序列化过程中,找不到该类的字节码,会抛出这个异常。